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光伏行業成長迅速將帶動光伏逆變器的發展

發(fa)表時間:2017-07-08 14:00

通常,把(ba)將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)稱(cheng)為(wei)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu),把(ba)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路稱(cheng)為(wei)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路,把(ba)實現整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置稱(cheng)為(wei)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設備或(huo)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)。與之相對應,把(ba)將直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)稱(cheng)為(wei)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),把(ba)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路稱(cheng)為(wei)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)路,把(ba)實現逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置稱(cheng)為(wei)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)設備或(huo)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)。逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)是光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen),起著(zhu)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)主要(yao)(yao)有三種,分(fen)別(bie)是集(ji)中式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)、組串(chuan)式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)以及集(ji)散(san)式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)。


集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器功(gong)率相對較(jiao)大(da),一般(ban)在500KW以上(shang),優(you)點有穩定性(xing)好(hao)、安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)高、電網調(diao)節性(xing)好(hao)等(deng)(deng),缺點是(shi)(shi)占地(di)面積廣(guang)、自(zi)耗電量大(da)、MPPT電壓范圍窄等(deng)(deng)。組串式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器功(gong)率相對較(jiao)小(xiao),一般(ban)在50KW以下,優(you)點是(shi)(shi)安裝靈活、組件配置方便、MPPT電壓范圍寬等(deng)(deng),缺陷是(shi)(shi)穩定性(xing)稍差(cha)、容易老(lao)化、故(gu)障率較(jiao)高、電氣安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)差(cha)等(deng)(deng)。集(ji)(ji)散(san)式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器是(shi)(shi)近兩(liang)年才(cai)提(ti)出的(de)新形勢,融合(he)了上(shang)述兩(liang)類(lei)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器的(de)優(you)勢。所以,集(ji)(ji)散(san)式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器的(de)優(you)點有發(fa)電量高、建設成本低(di)、降低(di)了線損等(deng)(deng)。但集(ji)(ji)散(san)式(shi)(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器也不會絕對完美,如應(ying)用工作經驗少(shao)、安全(quan)(quan)穩定性(xing)未經檢驗等(deng)(deng)。

光伏行業成長迅速將帶動光伏逆變器的發展


無(wu)論是(shi)哪一種逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi),在國(guo)內光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)行(xing)業(ye)快速增長刺激下(xia),技術水(shui)平都有很大(da)提升,與國(guo)外逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)相比,差(cha)距已經微乎其微,可以說已實現了逆(ni)(ni)襲。目前(qian)(qian),國(guo)內光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)最大(da)的(de)問(wen)題在于品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短板。這(zhe)種擔憂來自兩個層面,一是(shi)國(guo)內新(xin)產品推出(chu)過快,產品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量大(da)打折扣;二是(shi)價(jia)格戰(zhan)激烈(lie),企業(ye)通過犧牲品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)換取(qu)低價(jia)。另外,全(quan)球(qiu)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)市場集中度不斷提高,出(chu)貨(huo)(huo)量將(jiang)下(xia)滑,這(zhe)都是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)不利因素。據(ju)前(qian)(qian)瞻產業(ye)研究院提供的(de)《中國(guo)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)業(ye)投(tou)資戰(zhan)略規劃分析報告》預計(ji),今年(nian)全(quan)年(nian)全(quan)球(qiu)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)將(jiang)達到(dao)63.5GW,創(chuang)下(xia)新(xin)高,明年(nian)出(chu)貨(huo)(huo)量開始(shi)下(xia)滑,同比降低5%。


逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)行(xing)業與光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)展密切相關(guan),光伏(fu)(fu)項(xiang)目建設與投資是(shi)逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)市場需求變動的(de)決(jue)定性因素。隨著我國(guo)降低光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)補(bu)貼,以及加快平價上網進(jin)程(cheng),光伏(fu)(fu)業增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)將放(fang)緩(huan),進(jin)而(er)影響(xiang)光伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。盡管中國(guo)市場需求減少(shao),但仍(reng)然(ran)是(shi)未來五年(nian)(nian)全(quan)球(qiu)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)最快的(de)區域。據(ju)上述報告預計(ji),到2021年(nian)(nian),全(quan)球(qiu)光伏(fu)(fu)逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)出貨量將超過100GW,中國(guo)逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)企(qi)業仍(reng)有不(bu)少(shao)機(ji)會。


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